Only one author Gawad has proposed spherical TLE design. The above mentioned researchers as well as few others, such as Custodio et al.,, Rostamzadeh et al.,, Miklosovic et al.,, Borg, Corsini et al,, Zhang et al., and Skillen et al.,, have worked considering only the sinusoidal tubercles designs. Chen et al., further investigated the effect of tubercles on a highly swept delta wing. Chen et al., investigated the effect of the tubercles on the performance of a moderately swept delta wing.
Goruney and Rockwell, studied the effect of TLE on a swept delta wing. Kim et al., extended the previous study of Yoon et al.,, studying the effect of 5 wavelengths (, ,, and, S is span 1.5c) for fixed amplitude (0.5c). Yoon et al., studied the effect of waviness along the span, for 5 different waviness ratios (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0), in comparison with base line airfoil. Custodio et al., studied four planform geometries: rectangular finite span, infinite span, swept and idealized flipper model. Study considering the variation of amplitude and wavelength Johari et al.,, Zhang et al.,, Lohry et al., and Koun et al. Few of the previous parametric studies conducted considering TLE are reported below Aftab et al. A detailed review on application of Humpback whale flipper design on various airfoils has been conducted by Aftab et al. Implementing tubercle design has shown to improve airfoil performance, dratstically reduce aeroacoustic noise and seperation bubble. Research utilizing Humpback whale tubercles has gained popularity over the past decade. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Malaysia, for providing funds through the e-science fund, grant no 04-01-04-SF2206, for the current research.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.īiomimetics is the art of studying and applying nature inspired designs in the field of engineering. Received: NovemAccepted: AugPublished: August 29, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Aftab, Ahmad. PLoS ONE 12(8):Ĭoastal Carolina University, UNITED STATES University of North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library, Ĭrediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.Citation: Aftab SMA, Ahmad KA (2017) CFD study on NACA 4415 airfoil implementing spherical and sinusoidal Tubercle Leading Edge. oai/?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=info:ark/67531/metadc65534 International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) Problems associated with lateral-control devices, leading-edge air intakes, and interference are briefly discussed, together with aerodynamic problems of application." Available data on high-lift devices are presented. The report includes an analysis of the lift, drag, pitching-moment, and critical-speed characteristics of the airfoils, together with a discussion of the effects of surface conditions. Detail data necessary for the application of the airfoils to wing design are presented in supplementary figures placed at the end of the paper. The general methods used to derive the basic thickness forms for NACA 6 and 7-series airfoils together with their corresponding pressure distributions are presented. New data are presented that permit the rapid calculation of the approximate pressure distributions for the older NACA four-digit and five-digit airfoils by the same methods used for the NACA 6-series airfoils. From Summary: "The historical development of NACA airfoils is briefly reviewed.
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